图7 专利发明人 数据来源：Innography.com
6.专利价值分析
Innography将近十年美国授权专利各指标的平均数值作为评价标准，归一化后绘制成雷达图。下图中右侧图例中的数据即为各项指标的标准数值，在雷达图中以数值为1表示。
从图中可以看到丰田汽车与燃料电池相关的专利在诉讼、专利引用上远低于平均值，说明丰田汽车的专利诉讼较少且专利原创度较高，通过借鉴或合作进行的创新较少。丰田汽车专利的发明人高于平均值，说明其发明团队较大。
图8 专利价值分析 数据来源：Innography.com
下图显示，丰田汽车与燃料电池相关的专利总量为15867件，其中，10782件专利是有效的，包括5373件有效授权和5409件有效申请。丰田汽车失效专利数量较少，仅为5085件，占专利总量的32%。
图9 专利有效性 数据来源：Innography.com
Innography专利强度指标参考了10余个专利价值的相关指标，包括：专利权利要求数量、引用先前技术文献数量、专利被引用次数、专利及专利申请案的家族、专利申请时程、专利年龄、专利诉讼等，如果一件专利强度越高，可以确定该专利的质量和影响力越高。
对丰田汽车的所有与燃料电池相关的专利族进行专利强度分析，发现其专利强度超过90的专利有88件，涉及氢燃料电池控制系统、燃料电池堆、冷却装置、燃料电池制造等。88件专利全部有效，仅有3件专利将在2020年前失效。
表5 高专利强度专利情况
专利公开号 | 申请日 | 专利名称 | 有效性 | 失效日 |
US7968242 | 2002/1/18 | Onboard fuel cell system and method of discharging hydrogen-off gas | 有效 | 2024/2/8 |
US7690458 | 2004/5/14 | Control apparatus and control method for vehicle-mounted fuel cell power generation system | 有效 | 2027/4/5 |
US8574789 | 2006/11/29 | Dendritic metal nanostructures for fuel cells and other applications | 有效 | 2026/11/22 |
US7967572 | 2003/10/30 | Hydrogen operated power system | 有效 | 2025/11/14 |
US7833678 | 2005/8/19 | Fuel cell stack | 有效 | 2027/6/7 |
US6615940 | 2000/12/15 | Control system for vehicle having fuel cell | 有效 | 2021/1/9 |
US8219248 | 2006/12/21 | Control device and control method for cooling fan | 有效 | 2029/5/21 |
US8123655 | 2006/5/10 | Power output apparatus, drive system, and control method of power output apparatus | 有效 | 2029/7/2 |
DE10043724 | 2000/9/5 | An apparatus for controlling of a vehicle and method for regulating the vehicle | 有效 | 2020/9/6 |
US7559389 | 2005/3/21 | Fuel cell equipped vehicle | 有效 | 2024/11/2 |
US7703564 | 2006/10/27 | Fuel cell vehicle | 有效 | 2023/3/17 |
US9283838 | 2009/5/28 | Fuel cell system protection in a vehicle | 有效 | 2032/3/7 |
DE10243100 | 2002/9/17 | Method and apparatus for the production of diaphragm electrodes for fuel cells | 有效 | 2022/9/18 |
US7611795 | 2004/11/29 | Fuel cell manufacturing method and fuel cell | 有效 | 2025/4/4 |
EP1854539 | 2006/2/3 | Catalytic material and method for preparation thereof | 有效 | 2026/2/3 |
US8119242 | 2007/5/22 | Amorphous carbon film, process for forming amorphous carbon film, conductive member provided with amorphous carbon film, and fuel cell separator | 有效 | 2029/5/17 |
US8603687 | 2008/12/26 | Fuel cell system | 有效 | 2030/7/9 |
US9093698 | 2006/10/20 | Fuel cell stack casing | 有效 | 2030/5/25 |
US8428802 | 2007/3/6 | Vehicle assistance system | 有效 | 2029/7/6 |
US7863838 | 2006/4/3 | Power supply system provided with a plurality of power supplies, and vehicle provided with such power supply system | 有效 | 2028/2/23 |
US7825063 | 2006/4/17 | Hydrogen sulfide generation-suppressed catalyst | 有效 | 2028/4/2 |
US7847495 | 2006/8/30 | Hybrid vehicle and method of controlling the same | 有效 | 2027/6/26 |
US8932769 | 2009/5/28 | Fuel cell assembly and vehicle | 有效 | 2030/6/22 |
EP0810682 | 1997/5/28 | Fuel cells-based generator system and method of the same | 有效 | 2017/5/28 |
US8607906 | 2009/5/19 | Vehicle-installation structure for fuel cell | 有效 | 2030/8/5 |
CN101448740 | 2007/5/22 | Amorphous carbon film, method for forming amorphous carbon film, electroconductive member comprising amorphous carbon film, and separator for fuel battery | 有效 | 2027/5/22 |
US7631712 | 2005/4/28 | Mounting structure of electrical equipment | 有效 | 2026/6/9 |
EP1137089 | 2001/3/12 | Fuel cell gas separator, manufacturing method thereof, and fuel cell | 有效 | 2021/3/12 |
US7270202 | 2004/12/10 | Fuel cell vehicle | 有效 | 2023/3/17 |
US8413751 | 2007/11/22 | Vehicle and fuel cell vehicle-mounting method | 有效 | 2029/5/21 |
US7196492 | 2002/12/19 | Power supply apparatus including fuel cell and capacitor, and operation method thereof | 有效 | 2024/6/12 |
US7575012 | 2006/1/24 | Gas supply apparatus | 有效 | 2025/11/30 |
EP1291949 | 2002/9/4 | Fuel cell system, method of controlling the same, and vehicle mounted with the same | 有效 | 2022/9/4 |
US7997966 | 2006/10/11 | Cooling structure for electricity storage device | 有效 | 2028/6/14 |
US8672359 | 2009/6/5 | Tank support arrangements for a vehicle | 有效 | 2029/6/5 |
US7981559 | 2005/3/16 | Fuel cell system supply having a measuring device and a control device | 有效 | 2028/5/18 |
US8302716 | 2006/10/11 | Structure for installing electrical part | 有效 | 2028/11/11 |
EP1429409 | 2003/11/20 | Fuel cell system and method of starting the frozen fuel cell system | 有效 | 2023/11/20 |
US8708005 | 2010/6/16 | Gas filling system | 有效 | 2030/6/16 |
US8459399 | 2009/5/28 | Fuel cell system and vehicle | 有效 | 2029/6/8 |
CN1980809 | 2005/4/22 | Power output unit, vehicle using it and its control method | 有效 | 2025/4/22 |
EP1855048 | 2006/2/20 | Valve assembly for gas container | 有效 | 2026/2/20 |
CN101366144 | 2006/12/21 | Control device and control method for cooling fan | 有效 | 2026/12/21 |
JP5310738 | 2008/12/26 | Water content estimation apparatus and a fuel cell system of a fuel cell | 有效 | 2028/12/26 |
DE112006001469 | 2006/6/19 | A fuel cell device, their use and power management method for a system, which is equipped with a fuel cell unit | 有效 | 2026/6/20 |
US8087537 | 2007/11/27 | Pressure container | 有效 | 2028/8/11 |
US7771856 | 2004/6/25 | Energy output device and control method of energy output device | 有效 | 2028/1/13 |
EP1767845 | 2005/7/12 | Fuel resupply facility, fuel resupply system, and method for resupplying fuel | 有效 | 2025/7/12 |
US8361675 | 2007/12/3 | Moving body equipped with fuel cells | 有效 | 2029/10/17 |
US8703356 | 2006/10/25 | Separator of fuel battery, method of joining separator, and fuel battery | 有效 | 2029/6/17 |
EP1209023 | 2001/11/26 | Fuel cell output characteristic estimation apparatus and method and vehicle using the same | 有效 | 2021/11/26 |
US7975788 | 2006/2/24 | Moving body | 有效 | 2027/11/7 |
US7301302 | 2002/11/14 | Supply of electric power using fuel cell and chargeable/dischargeable storage | 有效 | 2021/10/31 |
US7183370 | 2004/9/10 | Phosphonic-acid grafted hybrid inorganic-organic proton electrolyte membranes (pems) | 有效 | 2024/9/20 |
US6428444 | 2000/9/5 | Apparatus for controlling a vehicle and a method of controlling the vehicle | 有效 | 2020/9/5 |
US7977011 | 2004/12/22 | Fuel stack structure with an adhesive layer | 有效 | 2027/5/29 |
EP1394884 | 2003/8/27 | Electrolyte membrane for fuel cell operable in medium temperature range, fuel cell using the same, and manufacturing methods therefor | 有效 | 2023/8/27 |
US7560187 | 2004/11/8 | Fuel cell stack | 有效 | 2025/6/28 |
US6383678 | 1999/12/1 | Separator for fuel cell and a method for producing the separator | 有效 | 2019/12/1 |
EP1920985 | 2006/8/30 | Hybrid automobile and method of controlling the same | 有效 | 2026/8/30 |
US8889309 | 2006/7/4 | Fuel cell system and ac impedance measurement method | 有效 | 2031/5/20 |
US7322900 | 2004/10/4 | Oil feeding device | 有效 | 2026/1/16 |
CN102007069 | 2009/2/4 | Gas storage materials, including hydrogen storage materials | 有效 | 2029/2/4 |
US6536551 | 2000/10/10 | Hydrogen using system for installation in vehicle and control method for the system | 有效 | 2020/10/10 |
US6887286 | 2001/1/26 | Fuel reformer device | 有效 | 2019/7/2 |
US7583050 | 2003/10/9 | Dc power source with fuel cell and electric power storage device | 有效 | 2023/4/13 |
US7924562 | 2007/5/10 | Power supply unit | 有效 | 2027/5/10 |
US8129998 | 2006/8/7 | Performance degradation analyzer and method of the same | 有效 | 2029/7/6 |
US9034495 | 2008/1/31 | Fuel cell system | 有效 | 2030/4/16 |
US8349509 | 2005/9/16 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell system failure judgment method | 有效 | 2029/2/2 |
US9162559 | 2009/5/28 | Fuel cell system and vehicle | 有效 | 2030/12/23 |
EP1983603 | 2006/12/21 | Cooling fan control device and method | 有效 | 2026/12/21 |
EP2020400 | 2007/5/22 | Amorphous carbon film, process for forming amorphous carbon film, conductive member provided with amorphous carbon film, and fuel cell separator | 有效 | 2027/5/22 |
EP1601041 | 2003/12/15 | Fuel cell | 有效 | 2023/12/15 |
US7906863 | 2005/4/22 | Power output apparatus, vehicle equipped with power output apparatus, and control method of power output apparatus | 有效 | 2028/3/28 |
CN101175657 | 2006/5/10 | Power output apparatus, drive system, and control method of power output apparatus | 有效 | 2026/5/10 |
US7718286 | 2004/10/14 | Abnormality detecting device of fuel cell system | 有效 | 2027/4/23 |
US7771864 | 2005/8/19 | Method of detecting and responding to a cooling system failure in a power supply device | 有效 | 2028/6/7 |
CN101626916 | 2008/3/4 | Vehicle | 有效 | 2028/3/4 |
US6920948 | 2001/10/3 | Dc power supply using fuel cell | 有效 | 2022/6/21 |
US7637335 | 2005/8/3 | Mounting structure for vehicular electrical equipment | 有效 | 2024/10/26 |
US7861748 | 2005/7/12 | Refueling facility, refueling device, and refueling method | 有效 | 2028/5/17 |
US7488559 | 2003/5/6 | Solid electrolyte | 有效 | 2022/1/26 |
US6969027 | 2004/3/29 | Vertical takeoff and landing apparatus | 有效 | 2024/3/29 |
US7662503 | 2004/10/15 | Fuel cell, disassembly method thereof, and separators used therein | 有效 | 2026/11/30 |
US8114550 | 2007/8/9 | Reinforced electrolyte membrane for fuel cell, production method thereof, membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell, and solid polymer fuel cell comprising the same | 有效 | 2028/10/5 |
EP1935844 | 2006/9/6 | Hydrogen supply apparatus and fuel gas supply apparatus | 有效 | 2026/9/6 |
DE112007002486 | 2007/11/12 | Fuel cell with a unit cells was part with a sealing element | 有效 | 2027/11/13 |
数据来源：Innography.com
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